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Alterations
Alterations are signs (also called accidentals) which augment or lower the pitch of a note when set at its left.
The sounds with the symbol of alteration are called altered sounds (sharped or flatted) compared with the natural sound they represent. As follows, you find alteration signs:

sharp sharp alters the note of a semitone to above;
double sharp x double sharp alters the note of two semitones to above;
flat flat alters the note of a semitone to below;
double flat double flat alters the note of two semitones to below;

Alterations can be: temporary, precautionary and constant.

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